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Background: The medicinal plant Murraya koenigii shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological activities (hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic). Objective of this study is the present study was designed to evaluate Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic property of Murraya koenigii in experimentally induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Experimental diabetes was produced with single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ): 45 mg/kg IP. The rats were randomly allocated in various groups for 37 days. After the confirmation of diabetes on 7th day (>200 mg/dl), hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii (500 mg/kg) was administered orally to experimental rats from day 7th day and continued for 37 days thereafter. Various antidiabetic (Glucose, HbA1C), metabolic (Lipid profile), safety (pancreatic lipase, Creatinine, SGPT, Histopathology of Liver and Kidney) were evaluated in various group.Results: Efficacy of Murraya koenigii was observed on various parameter of diabetes. Administration of STZ resulted in a significant decrease in diabetic changes (increase in blood glucose, HbA1C), altered lipid profile (p<0.01) in the Control group rats as compared to sham group. Murraya koenigii treatment demonstrated significant antidiabetic indicated by restoration of blood glucose, HbA1C level (p<0.01) compared to Control group. In addition, Murraya koenigii also documented hypolipidemic property of test drug. As per biochemical assessment of Pancreatic lipase, Serum creatinine, SGPT and Histopathological report, the test drug reduce the pancreatic, liver and renal marker and also showed safe to pancreas, Liver and kidney. The histopathological assessment of the liver and kidney confirmed the biochemical findings.Conclusions: The study concluded that the Murraya koenigii possess antidiabetic efficacy.
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Background: Commiphora mukul (Burseraceae) is commonly known as Guggul in Ayurveda. Several studies have reported antidiabetic activity of Commiphora mukul but there are no studies to explore the DPP-4 inhibitory activity and myocardial salvaging effects of Commiphora mukul in setting of diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective efficacy as well as safety of the medicinal plant Commiphora mukul (Guggul) in the experimental model of myocardial infarction co-existing with diabetes.Methods: Diabetes was induced with single dose of streptozotocin (STZ): 45mg/kg ip and myocardial infarction was produced by administering isoproterenol (ISP): (85mg/kg, sc) to rats 24 and 48 h prior to scarification (5th week). After the confirmation of diabetes on 7th day (glucose>200mg/dl), vildagliptin (10 mg/kg) and Commiphora mukul (200 mg/kg) were administered orally from 1st to 5th week (4 weeks). At the end of experimental period, normal control, diabetic-isoproterenol control, vildagliptin and Commiphora mukul group rats were sacrificed for further biochemical investigations as well as histopathological evaluation.Results: Commiphora mukul treatment demonstrated significant antidiabetic as well as myocardial salvaging effects as indicated by restoration of blood glucose, HbA1c and CPK-MB serum DPP-4, hs-CRP levels as compared to diabetic ISP control group. In addition, Commiphora mukul showed significant cardioprotection as indicated by positive correlation between cardiac marker CPK-MB and serum DPP-4. The histopathological assessment of heart, pancreas and biochemical indices of injury confirmed the cardioprotective effects of Commiphora mukul. In addition, Commiphora mukul was found to be safe to the liver and kidney.Conclusions: The natural DPP-4 inhibitor Commiphora mukul demonstrated significant cardioprotective effects in experimental model of myocardial infarction co-existing with diabetes.
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Aims and objectives: Depression is a most common and widespread of all psychiatric disorders. Treatment of depression includes the use of antidepressants, commonly used clinically, such as tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Certain antidepressants apart from improvement in the symptoms found to have detrimental effect on cognitive and psychomotor functions. Objective of this study was to assess and to compare the effect of sertraline and fluoxetine on cognitive and psychomotor functions. Materials and methods: Effect of sertraline and fluoxetine on psychomotor function was assessed by using critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) and reaction time (RT) in patients of mild to moderate depression at the end of 2nd and 4th week of mono therapy. Results: Patients in both the group have their RT remained significantly higher (p < 0.001) in comparison with control and CFF remained significantly lower at the end of both the week except sertraline group in which CFF did not differ significantly from control at the end of 4th week. There was a significant rise in CFF (p < 0.05) in sertraline group as compared to fluoxetine. Sertraline showed a significant improvement (p < 0.01) in visual reaction time (VRT) at both the follow-ups and auditory reaction time (ART) (p < 0.01) at 4th week of monotherapy. Both the groups did not differ with respect to their effect on choice reaction time (CRT). Conclusion: Findings of this study support the use of sertraline which had shown less impairment of psychomotor function in patients of depression as compared to fluoxetine, in special subgroups of population who operate machinery, drive vehicle or require alertness for the work.
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Background: Drug utilization provides prescribing behaviors of prescriber. Rational prescribing of antimicrobial drugs plays a crucial role in reducing the antibiotic resistance. The study aim was to analyze the patterns of antimicrobial prescribed ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD) patients. Methods: The study was an observational study completed over a period of 6 months, from July 2014 to December 2014. The study was conducted in Department of Ophthalmology, MGM Medical College, and Hospital Navi Mumbai. A questionnaire was specifi cally designed factoring patients’ demographical profi le, diagnosis of disease, drug regimen. Results: A total 125 prescriptions of patients were analyzed who visited ophthalmology OPD department. Maximum patients belonged to the age group of 41-50 years (27.2%), followed by age group of 31-40 years (25.6%). The proportion of male (59%) patients was more as compared to female patients (41%). Total drug prescribed was 296. Average drug per prescription was 2.36. Among 296 drugs, 144 were antibiotic prescribed. Average antibiotic per prescription was 1.15. Most commonly antibiotic prescribed was moxifloxacin. Most common fixed dose combination (FDC) of antibiotic prescribed was tobramycin plus loteprednol. Among total 125 patients, maximum patients were diagnosed with cataract (25%), followed by meibomitis (12%), conjunctivitis (24%), blephritis (9%), foreign body in eye (12%), psedophakia (10%) and other disease (8%). 96% of antimicrobial were prescribed from essential drug list. The FDC of antimicrobial (40%), fl uroquinolone (19%), aminoglycoside (13%), broad spectrum (12%), macrolide (9%), anti-viral (7%) was prescribed. Maximum number of drugs was found in the form eye drops (72%). Conclusion: The present study found that FDC of antibiotic was prescribed maximum. Most common dosage form of prescribed drug was eye drop. Prescription of drugs by brand name was a matter of concern
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Objective: The present study evaluated the association between environmental factors and severity of asthma in children. Materials and methods: Questionnaires were specifically designed factoring patients’ demographical profile, socioeconomic status, causative environmental factors and severity of asthma. Results: A total of 100 patients were interviewed who visited our pediatric department complaining of asthma symptoms. Maximum children were of the age group between 6 and 10 years (29%). The ratio of male (64%) was more than female (36%). Maximum patients belong to middle class family (33%) and lower middle class (29%). Among children cold/respiratory illness (87%) followed by exercise and sports (70%) was the most common environmental trigger for asthma. Asthma symptoms worsened during day time and winter season in this group. Conclusion: A significant positive association between environmental asthma triggers: smoke (p = 0.035), strong smell (p = 0.008), cold/respiratory illness (p = 0.035), hot/cold air (p = 0.03) and severity of asthma in children was observed. Winter season worsened the asthma symptoms (p = 0.047) in children.
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An open two weeks short term trial of Ipratropium Bromide (IB) inhalation (0.02 mg per dose) was carried out in 20 stable asthamatics to study its efficacy and safety. Early significant rise in PEFR (P < 0.001) and FEV1 (P < 0.05) was observed after 15 min of IB inhalation and reached significant peak (P < 0.01) after 1 hour which was persistent beyond three hours after IB inhalation. No side effects were observed. It was concluded that Ipratropium Bromide Imhalation is safe and has efficient bronchodilatory effect on short term basis in stable asthmatics.